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Abstract The debates over the requirement ofthe International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants(ICNafp) for a viable specimen to represent the name-bearing type material for a species or infraspecific taxon have a long history. Taxonomy of fungi commonly studied as living cultures exemplified by yeasts and moulds, strongly depend on viable reference material. The availability of viable cultures is also particularly useful for several groups of filamentous and dimorphic fungi. While the preservation of metabolically inactive cultures is permitted and recommended by the ICNafp, there is room for improvement. Below, we review the history and current status of cultures as the name-bearing type material under theCode. We also present a roadmap with tasks to be achieved in order to establish a stable nomenclatural system that properly manages taxa typified by viable specimens. Furthermore, we propose setting up rules and defining the nomenclatural status of ex-type cultures under Chapter F, the section of the ICNafp that includes provisions specific to names of fungi. 

Neotropical cloud forests are biologically and ecologically unique and represent a largely untapped reservoir of species new to science, particularly for understudied groups like those within the Kingdom Fungi. We conducted a three-week fungal survey within Cusuco National Park, Honduras and made 116 collections of fungi in forest habitats at 1287–2050 m a.s.l. Undescribed species are likely to be present in those collections, including members of the genera Calostoma (Boletales), Chlorociboria, Chlorosplenium, Ionomidotis (Helotiales), Amparoina, Cyathus, Gymnopus, Pterula (Agaricales), Lactifluus (Russulales), Mycocitrus (Hypocreales), Trechispora (Trechisporales), and Xylaria (Xylariales). In this paper, we discuss the contributions and impacts of mycological surveys in the Neotropics and propose the establishment of a long-term mycological inventory at Cusuco National Park—the first of its kind in northern Central America.